If/Then Statements

• "If" expression is true, execute some code
• "Else" do this code if statement is not true

if (expression) {

     statement

} else {

     statement

}

• Expression can be anything that will return a numerical value
  • 0 is false, anything else is true (as always)
• If statements can be nested

Else if

• Can be placed after if{} and before else{}
• Allows other expressions to be tested before runnning the code in "else"
• As soon as one if statement is executed, all others will be skipped.

Switch Statement

• Provides a multi-way branch
• Allows a program to select amoung several pathways
• Value of an expression is tested against a list of constants until a match is found
• When a match is found, that code is executed

Switch(expression){

     case "constant":

          statement;

          break;

}

• Must be either a character or interger
  • No floating point values
• A "default:" section can be added to run if no matches are found
• Differs from an if statement in that it can only test for equality
• No two case constants can be the same
• Generally more efficent than nested if statements
• Each statement is not its own block, the entire thing is its own block.
• If no break statement is in the case, the program will continue to execute the statements contained in other cases until a break is encountered.

While Loop

• When expression is false, the loop will end.
• The loop will be run until the expression is false

while(expression) statement;

Do While Loop

• Checks contition at bottom of loop unlike a while loop

Do {statement;} while (condition);

Special Statements Within Loops

• break; statement will end a loop early
• continue; statement will cause the loop ti immediantly skip to the next ineration

Goto Statement

• Considered bad programming practice
• Jumps from a goto call to a specified location